Post-traumatic stress disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you've seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death. Psychological, genetic, physical, and social factors are involved. Within the textbook, PTSD is syndrome characterized by prolonged physiological arousal symptoms related to recurring memories and dreams linked to a traumatic event and continuing for months or years after the event (Kolb & Wishaw, 2011). PTSD changes the body's response to stress. It affects the stress hormones and chemicals that carry information between the neurotransmitters. A previous study suggested that individuals with Gulf War Illness (GWI) had reduced quantities of the neuronal marker A^-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the basal ganglia and pons. This study aimed to determine whether NAA is reduced in these regions and to investigate correlations with other possible causes of GWI, such as psychological response to stress in a large cohort of Gulf War veterans. Individuals underwent tests to determine their physical and psychological health. There were no significant differences of age, education, gender, race, and military status at the beginning of the Gulf War conflict or military status at the time of the study between the GWI, intermediate, and control groups. On the contrary, veterans with GWI had significantly higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, supporting the idea that GWI symptoms are stress related.
Weiner, M., Meyerhoff, D., Neylan, T., Hlavin, J., Ramage, E., McCoy, D., & ... McCarthy, C. (2011). The relationship between Gulf War illness, brain N-acetylaspartate, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Military Medicine, 176(8), 896-902.
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